Research on Xi Jinping’s Theory of Income Distribution

Huang Yangkong

Xi Jinping's thought of income distribution is not only the distribution theory of the primary stage of Chinese socialism, but also the important content of Xi Jinping's thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It is the latest achievement of the sinicization of contemporary Marxist theory of income distribution. It is the collective innovation of our party's theory of income distribution. Xi Jinping's thought of socialist income distribution with Chinese characteristics in the new era mainly includes three parts: distribution according to work, distribution according to factors of production and common prosperity.

I. The three main parts of Xi Jinping's thought of income distribution

Just as the problem of distribution is the core issue of Marxist political economy, Xi Jinping's thought of income distribution is the core content of Xi Jinping's socialist economic thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

(I) On distribution according to work

(II) On distribution by elements

(III) On common prosperity

II. The internal logic of Xi Jinping's thought of income distribution

The three major parts of Xi Jinping's thought of socialist income distribution with Chinese characteristics in the new era are not only clearly positioned, but also have a strict internal logical relationship among them. A profound understanding of the inherent logic of Xi Jinping's income distribution thought is an important prerequisite for us to consciously and comprehensively implement Xi Jinping's income distribution thought and deepen the reform of the income distribution system.

(I) The positioning of the three major parts 

(II) The relationship between the three major parts 

III. The policy orientation of Xi Jinping's thought of income distribution

(I) Deepening the reform of the labor and wage system and better reflecting the principle of distribution according to work

(II) To improve the distribution mechanism of factors of production according to contribution, and realize the organic combination of distribution according to work and distribution according to factors

(III) To strive to narrow the unfair income gap and accelerate the realization of common prosperity

Dollar: an Important Weapon for the United States to Benefit from the World

Li Changjiu

Early in the 1970s, the then president's security adviser Henry Kissinger, declared that whoever controls the currency controls the world. Dollar hegemony is the main pillar for the United States to maintain global hegemony and the main weapon for the United States to profit from the world.

According to traditional statistics, the United States has a huge deficit in foreign trade year after year. However, the United States has never "suffered losses". In particular, since the US dollar was unpegged from gold in the early 1970s and adopted a floating exchange rate, the United States has traded US dollars for goods and "used money to make money". The US dollar has become the main weapon for the United States to profit from the world and the country has benefited the most from the world.

I. Printing and issuing US dollars to offset the US trade deficit

II. Excess profits from US Foreign Investment

III. The United States being the largest exchange rate manipulator

IV. From the "era of US dollar hegemony" to the "three-pole currency era"

(I) Promoting the continued reform of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank

1. The United States still maintains a veto over major decisions.

2. The United States and Europe still account for more than 70% of the SDR basket.

3. The President of the World Bank and the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund have been held by Americans and Europeans respectively.

(II) Gradual diversification of global foreign exchange reserves

(III) Promoting the diversification of world trade settlement currencies

The dollar's position as the dominant international currency is likely to be maintained for a long time. However, the economic growth rate of emerging economies and developing countries will continue to be higher than that of the United States, more and more countries will strengthen cooperation and further reform the global financial governance system, and the financial strength and influence of emerging economies and developing countries will continue to increase. Therefore, the diversification of global foreign exchange reserves and world trade settlement is a major trend that the United States is unable to stop.

Responding to "American First" with "European Unity"

Ding Yuanhong

Since President Trump took office to pursue the "America first" policy, relations between the United States and Europe have become increasingly tense and deteriorating. After Trump's first visit to Europe in May last year, German Chancellor Angela Merkel publicly declared, "To some extent, the era of us (the United States and Europe) relying entirely on each other is over" and “We Europeans really have to take our fate into our own hands.” At a meeting of French envoys to foreign countries on 27 August this year, the French President said, "Europe can no longer rely on the United States to protect its own security" and “We have to rely on our own strength to protect ourselves, and that's the only way for European countries to truly control national sovereignty.” At the beginning of Trump's rise to power, European Council President Tusk called on Europe to be alert to the fact that the United States will be one of the external threats to the European Union, "With allies like the United States, do we still need enemies?"

How to deal with its former ally, the United States, which has undergone major changes in its policy toward Europe, has become a big problem facing Europe today.

European unity has been severely damaged by the split between southern and northern Europe as a result of the debt crisis and by the migration problem that has led to antagonism between Eastern and Western Europe. At present, there are two major factors affecting the unity of European countries: one is the growing trend of nationalism, and the other is the significant increase in anti-German sentiment. These two factors are further weakening the process of cohesion and integration within the European Union.

The performance of the developed countries in Europe, such as Germany and France, in provoking a global trade war by the United States has once again exposed the "two sides" of these second world countries between the superpowers and the third world countries, and their bad habits have not changed.

A Research on Russian Population Security

Zhang Shaoyu / JiangLi

Population is a basic element of a country's national conditions, which is closely related to society, politics, economy, humanities and so on. It is an important index to reflect the social ecology of a country. Population security refers to the condition that a country's comprehensive national strength and national security is not damaged by population problems, and that a country can avoid or resolve population related or security crisis. It includes population quantity, population quality, population structure, population distribution, natural growth rate, ethnic composition and mobility of a country in a certain period of time, which are coordinated with the level and requirements of social and political and economic development. In line with the bearing capacity of resources and environment, it can ensure the health and development of social groups and individual citizens. Therefore, the study of population security is an important branch of non-traditional security research, which is of great significance.

At present, the population problem of Russia is very serious, which is related to a series of major practical problems, such as economic growth, social development, territorial integrity and so on, and may even affect the survival of its nation. In recent years, although the Russian government has formulated and implemented corresponding population policies, little success has been achieved. It can be seen that Russia will still have many difficulties in solving the population problem, and it will be a difficult and tortuous process.

I. Review of the population situation in the Soviet Union

II. Population situation and main problems in Russia

(I) The current situation of population development in Russia

(II) The population distribution is uneven and the structure is complex

(III) The main problems faced

III. The impact of the population problem on Russia's national security

(I) The impact of the population issue on Russia's national defense and geo-security

(II) The impact of the population issue on Russia's economic security

(III) The impact of the population problem on Russia's social security

(IV) The influence of immigration factors on Russian social security

Australia in Urgent Need of “Breaking Through” Because of its Internal and External Difficulties

Guo Chunmei

At the end of August, the Australian political arena again staged a "palace drama", with the leader of the Liberal Party, Prime Minister Turnbull forced to step down, Treasury Minister Morrison elected as the new party leader, and then becoming Australia's 30th prime minister. This is Australia's sixth prime minister in a decade, and Australia has been ridiculed as "the coup capital of the western democratic world". At the same time, in the face of an increasingly complex and volatile regional environment, Australia has also met difficulties in its diplomacy, especially with its largest trading partner, China.

I. Ten years and six prime ministers

The reason for the continuous infighting in Australia in recent years is that although the Australian economy has not fallen into recession after the 2008 global financial crisis, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened, the society is divided, the interests of voters have become increasingly diverse, and the domestic political ecology has changed.

II. "Screwing up" the largest trading partnership

III. Sino-Australian friendship can still be expected

It is precisely out of strategic anxiety about the new changes in the pattern of international power that Australia is more likely to follow the lead of the United States and look at China with "tinted glasses" and "Cold War mentality". However, based on the internal difficulties caused by domestic development problems, Australia still attaches great importance to the opportunities of cooperating with China; based on the identity of a medium strong country, Australia is also constantly seeking strategic autonomy in the new situation.

Japan’s Comprehensive National Strength and its International Status

Jiang Yuechun

Japan is the third largest economy in the world, with strong economic strength, scientific and technological strength, military strength and strong soft power. It ranks first in the world in many fields, such as national quality, education level and medical technology. It has a certain say in the world high-end manufacturing field, and occupies core position in a number of manufacturing technologies of the global industrial chain.

I. Japan is still an economic power in the world today.

(I) Economic strength

1. Japan’s eonomic scale

2. Japan as a large creditor country

3. Japan’s invisible national strength

(II) Scientific and technological strength

So far, the international community has not agreed on indicators to measure a country's scientific and technological strength, but it can be inferred from its scientific and technological investment, leading areas, number of patents and international influence.

1. Japan’s proportion of R&D funds

2. Quantity and quality of patents in Japan

3. The number of scientific research papers in Japan

4. Japan’s technology trade surplus

5. Comparison of Japan’s innovation ability

(III) Military strength

1. Japan’s basic defense forces

2. Japan’s hidden military strength

3. Japan’s ballistic defense system

(IV) Soft power

As an important part of a country's overall national strength, "soft power" refers to the ability of a country to get what you want by attracting and persuading other countries to obey your goals. It is the invisible influence released by institutional attraction, cultural appeal and national image affinity. Japan is one of the countries that have successfully transformed cultural resources into soft power in order to enhance their national image.

1. Japan’s animation affects the world.

2. Japan ranking high in the world

3. Japan’s cultural soft power strategy

II. Areas where Japan ranks first in the world

(I) Citizen quality

(II) Education

(III) Medical system

(IV) Innovative enterprises

III. Japan’s high-end manufacturing and industrial strength may continue to lead the world industrial pattern in the future

An Analysis of the Islamic Caliphate System 
--From the Traditional Ideal Prototype to the Contemporary Historical Reverse Movement

Liu Zhongmin / Guo Qiang

In the traditional Islamic political theory, the caliphate system occupies an important position. In this system, the caliphate is the external form of the regime, and at the top of the regime is the caliphate, which has both religious and secular power. However, in the history of Islam, the caliphate system did not have a complete design, neither the Quran nor the sermon designed a complete scheme for the caliphate system. The caliphate system is not immutable. After the orthodox caliphate period, the caliphate system has been constantly changing since the Middle Ages, and even serious changes and distortions have taken place.

In a word, in the historical process of the evolution of Islam, the caliphate system experienced the historical change from the early political practice and its idealization to the Middle Ages, and then to the demand and practice of rebuilding the caliphate in modern times. As well as the historical reversal of the Islamic State's reconstruction of the so-called "caliphate" in 2014, the complexity of its historical evolution and influence needs to be clarified through systematic carding and research. Therefore, on the basis of drawing lessons from the existing achievements of the academic research on the caliphate system, this paper tries to systematically study and comment on the ideal prototype of the caliphate system, the alienation of the caliphate system in the Middle Ages, the contemporary influence of the caliphate system and the historical reversal of the Islamic State.